Economics Explained
How markets, money and economies actually work.
Microeconomics
Supply, demand, prices and markets.
How Price Elasticity of Demand Works
Price elasticity measures how much buyers respond to price changes. Covers the formula, the midpoint method, and why it predicts revenue and tax effects.
MicroHow Supply and Demand Set Prices
A plain explanation of how buyers and sellers interact to set market prices, shift the curves, and reach equilibrium, with a worked example.
Macroeconomics
GDP, inflation, unemployment and growth.
How Inflation Is Measured: CPI, PPI and the GDP Deflator
Inflation is measured with price indexes that track different baskets. Compare CPI, PPI, the GDP deflator and PCE, and learn how the rate is calculated.
MacroWhat GDP Measures and What It Misses
GDP counts final market output within a country. Learn the three measurement approaches, nominal versus real GDP, per-capita figures and blind spots.
Money & Banking
Central banks, interest rates and credit.
How Banks Create Money Through Lending
Most broad money is created when banks make loans. Covers money aggregates, the textbook multiplier, the quantity theory and the real limits on lending.
MoneyHow Interest Rates Work: Nominal, Real and the Yield Curve
Interest rates set the price of money across time. Learn compounding, nominal versus real rates, the Fisher approximation, policy rates and yield curves.
Personal Finance
Budgeting, saving, investing basics.
Emergency Fund Basics: How Much to Keep and Where to Put It
An emergency fund is cash set aside for job loss, medical bills or repairs. Learn how to size it, where to keep it and how to build it step by step.
FinanceHow Compound Interest Works: Growth, Time and the Rule of 72
Compound interest pays interest on past interest. Learn the formula, the Rule of 72, and why starting early matters more than investing big.
International Trade
Trade, tariffs and exchange rates.
How Exchange Rates Work: Quotes, Drivers and Real-World Effects
An exchange rate is the price of one currency in another. Learn how to read quotes, what moves rates, and how they affect trade, travel and inflation.
TradeHow Tariffs Work: Who Pays, Who Gains and Why Economists Disagree
A tariff is a tax on imported goods. Learn who really pays it, how it changes prices and jobs, and why it can trigger retaliation and deadweight loss.
Economic History
Crises, booms and how economies changed.
Stagflation of the 1970s: Why High Inflation and Unemployment Came Together
Stagflation mixed high inflation with high unemployment. Learn how oil shocks, policy errors and broken Phillips curve beliefs caused the 1970s crisis.
HistoryThe Great Depression Explained: Causes, Spread and Lessons
The Great Depression cut output and jobs worldwide. Learn its causes, why banks failed, how the gold standard spread it and what changed.